Matterhorn

Although not the highest mountain in the Alps, the Matterhorn is considered as an iconic emblem of the region of the Swiss Alps. The Matterhorn acquired its characteristic pyramidal shape by natural erosion over the past million years. At the beginning of alpine orogeny, the Matterhorn was only a rounded mountain like a hill. Because its height is above the snowline, its flanks are covered by ice, resulting from the accumulation and compaction of snow. During the warmer period of summer, part of the ice melts and seeps into the bedrock. When it freezes again, it fractures pieces of rock because of its dilatation (Freeze Thaw), forming a cirque. Four cirques led to the actual shape of the mountain.